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第一份作业终于写完了！！发上来给大家看看:o:o
Module title: Academic and Professional Development
Module tutor: Sandra Hayes/Cheng Li/Zhu Tao
Assignment title: Effective Writing and Speaking
Challenge and Opportunities
---- Beijing 2008 Olympics
(Total word: 1,054)
BAC student ID number: 20511247
HA student ID number: 05161100
30th October 2005
Content
Summary 3
1. Introduction 4
2. Cost of 2008 Beijing Olympic 4
3. Benefits 5
3.1 Accelerating the rate of economic growth 5
3.2 Improving city environment 5
3.3 Promoting Chinese culture 6
4. Problems 6
5. Recommendations 6
5.1 Traffic 6
5.2 Security 6
6. Conclusion 7
References 8
Table 1. The planned cost of Beijing 2008 Olympics………………….4
Figure 1. Percentage of planned cost of Beijing 2008 Olympics……...4
Summary
This report described the cost, benefits, problems and recommendations of staging 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. It was found that developing infrastructure and cleaning-up environment for meeting international standards will cost a lot of money, promoting economic development, improving environment and promoting Chinese culture are main benefits for Beijing to stage the Games and the traffic and the security will be main problems. The measures of building effective road system and using monitoring system are recommended for solving the problems. To stage 2008 Olympic Games will be a big challenge and a great opportunity for Beijing.
1. Introduction
The Olympic Games is an important international event. In 2008, Beijing will stage 29th Olympics Games, which is first time for China to hold the Olympics. It is interested topic to explore the opportunity and the challenge of staging 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. In this report, the costs and benefits of staging 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing will be described, the main problems that may occur at the Games will be discussed and some measures to help make a good Olympic Games will be recommended.
2. Cost of 2008 Beijing Olympic
For making the 2008 Olympic Games a great success, Beijing government will make best efforts on building venues and related facilities, improving environment and modernizing traffic system of the city.
The table 1 shows main items and cost and the figure 1 shows breakdown of the cost:
Table 1. The planned cost of Beijing 2008 Olympics
Item Cost (US$ billion) Percent in Total
Venues 2.0 6%
Operating Cost 2.0 6%
Infrastructure 24.2 68%
Environmental clean-up 7.0 20%
Total 37.0 100%
Source: Anon. (2001)
Source: Anon. (2001)
From table 1, it can be seen that the planned total cost is $37 billion, in which planned cost for building venues, operating cost, developing infrastructure and carrying out environment clean-up are $2.0, $2.0, $24.2 and $7.0 billion respectively.
The figure 1 shows that government has planned to spend most of the money at developing city infrastructure and cleaning-up environmental, which means that Beijing city infrastructure and environment will be significantly developed and improved by 2008 and in future people who live and travel in Beijing will feel more convenient in daily life and good mood. The planned Venues and Operating Cost took relative small portion in total cost.
3. Benefits
Hosting Olympic Games and making it success not only contribute to the Olympic event and history, but also help modernization and development of Beijing. The key benefits for Beijing to host Olympic Games will be to accelerate the rate of economic growth, to improve city environment and promote Chinese culture.
3.1 Accelerating the rate of economic growth
Firstly, Beijing will use this opportunity to step up the restructuring of its economy, for example, to develop service industry, and will balance development between the urban and rural areas. The Olympic is a good opportunity for local enterprises to win more market recognition for their products. (Zhang, 2004)
Secondly, the “high-tech Olympics” requires Beijing to upgrade its comprehensive competitiveness through technical and management innovation. The city will actively promote the use of high technology in its industries, construction and urban management. (Zhang, 2004)
3.2 Improving city environment
According to the principle of hosting a “Green Olympic Games,” Beijing will make significant improvement on air quality and drink water quality.
Beijing will improve air quality by preventing coal–burning pollution, cutting down automobile emission, reducing particle pollution in urban area and controlling industrial pollution. By the end of 2008, main specifications of air quality in urban area will reach the level of major developed countries and fully meet the international standard for hosting the Olympic Games. (BOCOG, 2001)
Beijing will improve drinking water quality by protecting drinking water source and preventing water pollution. By the end of 2008, more than 90% of the sewage in urban area will be treated and the drainage system in the city will be upgraded. (BOCOG, 2001)
3.3 Promoting Chinese culture
According to the “People’s Olympics”, the Olympics will promote culture communication between Orient and Occident and improve the harmonious development of people with natural and people with societal. The “People’s Olympic” is Olympic for culture, for people and for bring about harmonious. (Jin, 2005, p112)
4. Problems
It will be a big challenge for Beijing to host Olympic Games as Beijing has no experience on holding such big event in the past. There must be having some problems.
Firstly, we all realize that Beijing has big traffic problem at moment, sometime when people go to work or go back home, it takes people two to three hours or longer time for their journey. Traffic jam remains a big headache for Beijing citizens.
Secondly, according to the intensive threat of international terrorists all round the world. The security should be another big problem for Beijing to stage 2008 Olympic Games.
5. Recommendations
5.1 Traffic
The solutions to solve the traffic problem for the Olympic Games are to build more widen and fast roads, for example, to construct more widen and fast road to connect five ring roads for forming an efficient road network; to construct railway or subway transportation system, for example, to construct the railway or subway that connect downtown area with airport and venues; to improve bus network; to limit the use of private car and make an express line on main road only for transporting athletes during the period of Olympic Games. (BOCOG, 2001)
5.2 Security
To solve security problem should use modern methods. For examples, a vast computer surveillance network with thousands of cameras and microphones in the venues, the accommodation of athletes, stations, shopping centers, etc. should be established for detecting criminal suspects and protecting publics and a guide handbook written by various languages need to be distributed to all athletes and publics for guiding them to take right action during emergency situation. (Li, 2005)
6. Conclusion
Beijing will spend most money at developing city infrastructure and improving environment quality. The main benefits for staging the Olympics are to accelerate Beijing economic development, to improve environment quality and to promote Chinese culture. The key problems are traffic and security; however government can solve the problems by improving transportation, using monitoring system and so on. It is a big challenge and a great opportunity for Beijing to stage 2008 Olympic Games.
References
Anon. 2001: Beijing tries to rein in costs for 2008. [On-line]. REUTERS.
Available from: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5685492/ [Accessed 4th October 2005]
Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. 2001. Beijing Olympics Action Plan. [On-line]. BOCOG.
Available from: http://210.75.208.182/new_olympic/eolympic/plan.htm [Accessed 4th October 2005]
Jin, Y. P. 2005. Olympic Knowledge for Citizens’ Reading. Beijing: Beijing Publication, ISBN 7-200-05986-2
Li, J. 2005. Beijing unveils security plan for Olympics. [On-line]. China Daily.
Available from:
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/eng ... /content_427550.htm [Accessed 4th October 2005]
Zhang, M. 2004. Beijing Olympics to benefit all. [On-line]. China Daily.
Available from:
http://www2.chinadaily.com.cn/en ... /content_316411.htm [Accessed 4th October 2005]
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