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发表于 2011-11-1 01:37:54
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Dr White
Walgren
Dr White is retired after 30 years of clinical care, teaching and research
He's an expert in the use of propofol, not expert in pharmacokinetics and dynamics modelling, uses other people to do that, among others, asks Dr Shafer
He wrote over 100 papers about the use of propofol
There are instances Dr Murray deviated from standards of care on june 25th and the preceding 2 months : Dr White agrees
What's your understanding about CM interview, based on that interview, was he giving both boluses and infusions : for 6 weeks, yes. Walgren corrects : Cm says in his interview «* nearly every night*»
Based on CM's interview, Dr White understood 25mg to 50 mg + 5 CC of lidocaine , he sometimes did 2 injections. Based on interview, could not say how CM administered the drip.
It could be with several tubings as described by dr Shafer : there could be a number of possibilities, that's one of them
Agrees giving propofol without correct bedside monitoring , could be dangerous, could result in cardiorespiratory depression
Would you administer propofol without airway equipment ? The most important thing is an ambu bag, that's the minimum
Has never given propofol in a bedroom, has never heard of it.
Have you ever given it outside of hopsital setting ? : depends has given it in offices, clinics that don't have the same equipment as hospitals.0
is a suction apparatus necessary ? it's desirable , but vomiting is fairly rare.
You need to prepare for the worst case scnario ? some situations may not be covered in every venue.
Pulse oximetry is essential, blood pressure cuff is important, but not necessarily automated. For an infusion you measure BP every 5 mn, for boluses with minimal sedation, every 15 mn.
For Bolus + infusion :dr White uses electrogardiogram. Capnography is not utilised everywhere, finds it useful but not very precise.
Failing to maintain charts : is it an egregious and unconsionable deviation from stanadrd of care ? charts are necessary, but in this case it didn't contribute to death, objection , stricken,re asked
It's a deviation, doesn't know if it's extreme , it's between minor and mediate.
Do you maintains medical records ? : having old medical records is helpful.
What is pre procedural assement ? evaluates the patient overall condition, evaluates the airway, any factor that could accentuate the cardio repiratory depression..
Propofol complications : respiratory depression is rare , happens when narcotics are presents. The effect is much stronger when narcotics are present , benzodiezpine are less dangerous because they have additive effects
Dr white has been paid 11 000 $ so far, hopes to recive more. Normally charges 3 500 a day for court appearances, but hasn't asked that because the defense doesn't have the resources, is not going to bill that.
Have you had a patient stop breathing after propofol ? For genreal anesthesia yes, objection, yes or no : yes. I assist with bag and mask, or endotracheal intubation,or laryngeal mask.
Doctor patient relationship : it's understanding the patient's medical condition, compassion, treat them appropriately
1st oath of a doctor is «* do no harm*» Do you think CM violated that oath giving propofol for 2 months ? he did no harm. CM was offered money to be MJ's private physician.
Who's the final decision maker : both the patient and the physician share the responsibility. The physician has the possibility to walk away.
Dr White says he would never administer something he considers inappropriate , would walk away.
Sedation : it's easy to go from a level of sedation to the other . When you are adminitering an infusion or repeated bolus , you need to monitor ? Dr White agrees , but says that 25 mg propofol is a very minimal dose , it would have worn off after 15mn. You monitor the patient for 15mn minimum, ideally 30mn. After that, it's ok to leave the patient. That would be in a hospital setting , because that's the only place he's done that.
What's the use of a pulse oximeter without an alarm when you're out of the room ? : if you have observed them for 25 to 30 mn , propofol doesn't have effects anymore. Pulse oximeter has no value when you 're aout of the room.
What if benzodiazepines are on board : if they have been given hours before, they would have little effect. Especially if only 25 mg propofol is given over 3 to 5 mn.
Would the fact that benzos are present alter your level of care : 30mn is adequate for 25mg given from 3 to 5 mn,.
Even if a patient has no monitor and no staff ? This was an unusual case, the goal was sleep, it's acceptable.
If your patient had said he liked to push the propofol : Dr White would not left the room.
You can't justify failure to call 911 : No I can't. CM found MJ in full cardio pulmonary arrest, it's stressful. Would have done things differently, would have called for help. Initiated CPR immediately. Would have called 911, but it was not a typical situation , you have to know the adress, it wa snot easy access the house . Walgren ask if it's better to leave a voicemail on MAW'w voicemail ?
Dr White says CM should have called 911 sooner, but it wouldn't have made a difference in this case
How long would it take you to call 911 ? He start ressusitating, and call 911 within 3 to 5 mn.
Dr White says he doesn't tthink everything CM told the police is true.
In an emergency situation, it'ss often difficult to recall details. CM overlooked propofol. Didn't do it in a devious way. Walgren suggests the other option is that he lied, Dr white reluctantly agrees
A letter containing preliminary thoughts is the only doc he gave the defense, he did talk to them.
Sedatives analgesic increase the risk of propofol.
Benzos increase the risk : it depends on when they were given .
Dr White says that a gigh concentration of lorazepam + 25mg propofol given too fast causes arrythmia, and a rapid demise.
CM bought propofol , but Dr White says that MJ had his own stocks of propofol.
Walgren : where is it in CM's statement ? CM told that to Dr White
Showing defense's VV (long vented tubing) : the cap was broken off. A plastic cap that covers the hole is missing. Dr white didn't do that. Now people 157 (recovered from scene) , has the cap in place.
David Walgren shows that peoples 157 is easily concealable, fits in the hand, in the pocket. Dr White admits to that.
Speculated that MJ drank propofol, now rejects that's the cause of death , there was propofol in the stomach, now rejects that MJ drank propofol because Dr Shafer explained why there could be propofol in the stomach. Mentions the Chilean study, were one subject was a little sedated after drinking propofol.
Back to the March 8th 2011 and his 3 page letter : Dr White did it in a very short time , Flanagan needed something in writing within 2 days. Had recieved experts reports and other material to prepare it. Did not write any other report in 7 months. He doesen't say in the letter it's a preliminary opinion. In the letter, said MJ self administered, either injecting himself, or orally. Prior to writing the letter, did a search for oral propofol , but did not find anything, had seen there was propofol in stomach content from autopsy report.
Mr Flanagan raised the issue of oral propofol before he wrote the letter.
You came with the only option to blame the victim ? If CM had only given, there has to be something else.
Now you blame MJ for Lorazepam : yes , after Dr Shafer's report .
You took everything that CM said as the truth ? Yes
Dr White said MJ died of a rapid bolus, but never wrote it in a report/letter.
Have you come up with any theory aother than attributing the drug intake to MJ ? No
CM possibly overlooked the propofol, or lied. Dr White takes evrything CM says about the drug administration as the truth, because it's consitent with the autopsy report
Dr gabriella Onellis : she'e a Phd, biomedical engineering.met her for the first time last week. Asked her if she could calculate the amount of free propofol you would expect the urine after a 3 hour 100 ml infusion.
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